The composition, structure, and electrocatalytic properties in HER are compared for Re–Ni electrodeposits and Ni–Re–P alloys synthesized by chemical-catalytic deposition with the use of sodium hypophosphite as the reducer. The coordination numbers of nickel and rhenium and the interatomic distances of synthesized materials are determined by EXAFS and XANES methods. It is shown that the structure of Re‒Ni catalysts with the highest catalytic activity lacks the far order as regards the position of rhenium and nickel atoms, which allows assuming that these electrode materials are in the amorphous state. For chemical-catalytic Ni–Re–P coatings, it is shown that the introduction of rhenium into their composition lowers down the phosphorus content in the alloy formed. The chemical-catalytic Ni–Re–P coatings show promise as the HER catalysts in acid solutions.